The Nobel prize academy has announced the Nobel Prize 2019 winners. Let us have look about Nobel Prize history and the winners of Nobel Prize 2019.
NOBEL PRIZE FOUNDATION: ESTABLISHED BY ALFRED BERNHARD NOBEL
ALFRED BERNHARD NOBEL
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on October 21, 1833, into a family of engineers.
He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor, who invented dynamite.
Nobel has created a $9 million fund in his will to establish Nobel awards to the outperformed scientist.
The Nobel Prize was established in 1895 in five categories viz.PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, PEACE, PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICIN, AND LITERATURE.
The interest in this donation was used to award the people whose work was most beneficial to mankind. ALFRED NOBEL
He decided to use the power of his innovation to reward human naivety.
The first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1901.
The Nobel Prize is still, the world’s most prestigious one.
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS LIST 2019
From the below table you can find THE NOBEL PRIZE 2019 WINNERS COMPLETE LIST from the respective fields with their contributions.
Field
Nobel Laureates
Contribution
Physics
James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
For James Peebles – theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology
 And
For Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz – for the Discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.
Chemistry
John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino
For the development of lithium-ion batteries.
Physiology or Medicine
William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza
For the discovery of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability
Economic Sciences
Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kreme
For their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty
Peace
Abiy Ahmed Ali
For his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea
Literature
Peter Handke
For an influential work, that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience
THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 2019 IN PHYSICS
1. Phillip James Edwin Peebles
Born on April 25, 1935, is an astrophysicist, astronomer and theoretical cosmologist of Canada who currently holds the Albert Einstein Professorship of Science Emeritus at the University of Princeton.
He is widely considered to have become one of the world’s leading theoretical cosmologists since 1970.
Peebles was awarded half the Nobel Prize in physics in 2019 in order to discover an exoplanet around him for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology.
2.Michel Gustave Edouard MayorÂ
Born on 12 January 1942. The Swiss Astrophysicist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Genevan, Astronomy Department.
He works as an investigator at the Geneva Observatory.
In 1995, he and Didier Queloz jointly discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first extrasolar planet in a sunlike star, 51 Pegasi.
For this, discovery he awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Jim Peebles and Didier Queloz
3.Didier Patrick QuelozÂ
Born in Switzerland on 23 February 1966. He is a lecturer at Cambridge University, a fellow at Trinity College in Cambridge, and a professor at Geneva University.
In 1995, he and Didier Queloz jointly discovered 51 Pegasi b, the first extrasolar planet in a sunlike star, 51 Pegasi.
For this, discovery he awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Jim Peebles and Michel Gustave Edouard Mayor.
He recently said that in the next 30 years humans will discover alien life.
THE NOBEL PRIZE 2019 WINNERS IN CHEMISTRY
1.John Bannister Goodenough
 A US material scientist and a solid-state physicist was born on July 25, 1922. As a Nobel prize winner in chemicals.
He is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin for Mechanical Engineering and Matter Sciences.
The discovery and design of the lithium-ion battery are widely recognized, for developing the Goodenough-Kanamori rules on the sign of the substance magnetic superexchange and for pioneering advances in the computer random access memory.
2. Michael Stanley Whittingham
A British American chemist born on 22 December 1941.
He is currently Professor of Chemistry at Binghamton University of the State University of New York, as well as Director of the Institute of Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering programme.Â
Whittingham is a significant figure in the history of lithium battery production. For the first time in the 1970s, he found the intercalation electrodes and introduced the idea of the rechargeable battery intercalation at the end of the 70s.
This includes the original patents on the theory of intercalation chemicals
3. Akira Yoshino
A Japanese chemist, born 30 January 1948.
He is a fellow of Asahi Kasei Corporation and a professor at the University of Meijo, Nagoya.
The first safe production-viable lithium-ion battery was made, he was widely used on mobile phones and notebook computers.
THE NOBEL PRIZEÂ WINNERS 2019 IN MEDICINE OR PHYSIOLOGY
1.William G. Kaelin Jr
Born on 23 November 1957 in America. A medical professor at Harvard University and Dana –Farber Cancer Institute.
He studied tumour abrasive proteins in his laboratory. In 2016, Kaelin has received the Albert Lasker Medical Research Prize.
He has also received the ASCO 2016 Science Award and the Takamatsu Award for AACR Princess in 2016.
Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza share the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
2. Sir Peter John Ratcliffe
Born on 14 May 1954 and has a degree in Nephrology from Britain He was a clinician practitioner at the John Radcliffe Hospital.
Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford from 2004 to 2016 and head of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
In 2016 he was appointed as director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute and remains a member of Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at the University of Uk, Oxford.Â
Ratcliffe is best known for his work on hypoxia cell reactions.
3.Gregg Leonard Semenza
Born 1956, he is a professor at the Johns Hopkins University of Medicine in Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Biological Chemistry, Biology and Oncology.
In 2016, he received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. He is known for the discovery of HIF-1, which allows cancer cells to adapt to the poor environment of oxygen.
He works as the Director of a Vascular Program at the Institute for Cell Engineering.
THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 2019 IN ECONOMIC SCIENCES
1. Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee
Born 21 February 1961 is an American Indian economist and professor of economics at the Institute of Technology of Massachusetts, a Ford Foundation.
Banerjee shared with Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer the Nobel Prize in Economics for the experimental approach to global poverty alleviation in 2019.
He is the 6th married couple to win a Nobel Prize 2019 together with his wife Esther Duflo.
2.Esther Duflo
Born on 25 October 1972 and is a French-American economy scientist at the Massachusetts Technology Institute (MIT).
She is the co-founder and co-manager of the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab started in 2003.
3. Michael Robert Kremer
Born on 12 November 1964 is an American growth economist and a Gates Professor of Developing Societies at Harvard University.
In 2019, together with Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, he and his innovative approach to global poverty alleviation were awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics Memorial prize.
THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNER IN 2019 FOR PEACE
Abiy Ahmed
Prime Minister of EthiopiaAbiy Ahmed was awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.
His efforts to achieve peace, international cooperation and particularly for his decisive initiative in resolving the border dispute with neighbouring Eritrea.
THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNER 2019 AND 2018 IN LITERATURE
Peter Handke ( NOBEL PRIZE 2019 WINNER IN LITERATURE )
A novelist, playwright, translator, poet, filmmaker and screenwriter from Austria born on 6 December 1942.
In the late 1960s, he was recognized for works such as the play Publikumsbeschimpfung (Offending the Audience) and the novel Die Angst des Tormanns beim Elfmeter (The Goalie’s Anxiety at the Penalty Kick).
He represented his life on Wunschloses Unglück (Sorrow Beyond Dreams), a novel inspired by the suicide of his mother in 1971.
Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk ( NOBEL PRIZE FOR LITERATURE 2018)Â
Born 29 January 1962 and described as one of its most highly acclaimed, commercially successful writers.
She was a Polish poet, activist and well-known intellectual. Nobel prize in Literature for 2018 was awarded to her in 2019.
In 2018, for her novel Flights (translated by Jennifer Croft), she received the Man Booker International Prize also.
NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 2019 MIND MAP
Pictorial mind map ofTHE NOBEL PRIZE 2019 WINNERS COMPLETE LISTÂ is provided to easily memorise.
